Joachim Wandel

Joachim "Gnom" Wandel (7 May 1914 – 7 October 1942) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator in the Spanish Civil War and a fighter ace during World War II. He is credited with 75 victories, two over the Western Front and 73 over the Eastern Front.

Born in Schlochau, present-day Człuchów in northwestern Poland, Wandel served in the Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War where he was shot down and became a prisoner of war. During World War II, Wandel was appointed ''Staffelkapitän'' (squadron leader) of 2. '' Staffel'' (2nd squadron) of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 76 (JG 76—76th Fighter Wing) in March 1940. He claimed his first aerial victory on 5 June 1940 during the Battle of France. In July 1940, Wandel served as a fighter pilot instructor. In late 1941, he was transferred to ''Jagdgeschwader'' 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) fighting on the Eastern Front, at first serving with the ''Gruppenstab'' (headquarters unit) of II. '' Gruppe'' (2nd group) of JG 54 before he became ''Staffelkapitän'' of 5. ''Staffel''. On 21 August 1942, Wandel was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and was killed in action on 7 October when he was shot down by Soviet fighters near Ostashkov.

Early life and career

Wandel, nicknamed "Gnom", was born on 7 May 1914 in Schlochau, present-day Człuchów in northwestern Poland, at the time in the Province of West Prussia. Wandel had a younger brother Friedrich-Wilhelm who died of wounds on 26 October 1943.

During the Spanish Civil War, Wandel volunteered for service with the Condor Legion in late 1936, a unit composed of volunteers from the Luftwaffe and from the Army which served with the Nationalists. There, he was assigned to 1. '' Staffel'' (1st squadron) of ''Jagdgruppe'' 88 (J/88—88th Fighter Group). With this unit, he participated in the Bombing of Guernica on 26 April 1937. On 13 May, Wandel was shot down in his Heinkel He 51 by anti-aircraft artillery near Bilbao and taken prisoner of war. Initially, Wandel was sentenced to death but was later exchanged.

For his services in Spain, Wandel received the Spanish Cross in Silver with Swords () and was posted to 2. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 76 (JG 76—76th Fighter Wing). In May 1939, this unit, which consisted of one '' Gruppe'' (group), was equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-1 and E-3. On 17 August, the ''Gruppe'' was ordered from its home airfield at Wien-Aspern to Stubendorf, present-day Izbicko in south-western Poland.

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. Wandel was appointed ''Staffelkapitän'' (squadron leader) of 2. ''Staffel'' of JG 76 on 1 March 1940. He succeeded ''Oberleutnant'' Anton Mader who was transferred. In April 1940, I. ''Gruppe'' moved to an airfield at Mainz-Finthen, originally named ''Fliegerhorst'' Ober-Olm. The ''Gruppe'' stayed at Ober-Olm until the Battle of France began.

On 5 June 1940, Wandel claimed his first aerial victory when he shot down a Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 fighter near Amiens. He claimed one further victory before the Armistice of 22 June 1940, a Hawker Hurricane fighter shot down south of Dieppe on 7 June. The Hurricane possibly belonged to the Royal Air Force No. 43 or No. 601 Squadron. On 26 June 1940, I. ''Gruppe'' of JG 76 was moved to the airfield at Waalhaven in the Netherlands and subordinated to ''Jagdgeschwader'' 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing). There, the ''Gruppe'' was tasked with providing aerial protection over the Dutch coastal area. On 5 July, I./JG 76 was officially integrated into JG 54 and was renamed to II./JG 54 and 2./JG 76 became 5./JG 54. On 31 July 1940, Wandel was transferred to the ''Jagdfliegerschule'' (fighter pilot school) at Zerbst. As a result, command of 5. ''Staffel'' was passed on to ''Oberleutnant'' Roloff von Aspern.

War against the Soviet Union

Wandel returned to JG 54 in late 1941 where he served as an adjutant to the ''Gruppenstab'' (headquarters unit) of II. ''Gruppe''. At the time, II. ''Gruppe'' was commanded by ''Hauptmann'' Dietrich Hrabak. The Wehrmacht had launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, on 22 June with II. ''Gruppe'' supporting Army Group North in its strategic goal towards Leningrad. In early November, the ''Gruppe'' had been withdrawn from the Eastern Front for a period of rest and replenishment where they were based at airfields in Döberitz, and later at Uetersen. On 20 January 1942, the ''Gruppe'' began relocating to the Eastern Front where they would be based at Siverskaya near Leningrad. Flying missions over the Volkhov, Wandel claimed his first aerial victory on the Eastern Front over a Polikarpov I-16 fighter on 10 February. Operating from Siverskaya during the Battle of Lyuban, Wandel claimed eight further aerial victories. On 27 February, he shot down an I-18 fighter, an early German designation for a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1 fighter. Wandel then claimed a Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber on 5 March followed by an I-26 fighter, an early German designation for a Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter, on 13 March. Two days later, he claimed an I-18 fighter and an I-26 fighter destroyed. On 16 March, Wandel claimed an unidentified biplane shot down followed by a Pe-2 bomber the next day and an I-18 fighter on 19 March.

On 20 March 1942, II. ''Gruppe'' moved to Rjelbitzi Airfield, located north of Dno and west-southwest of Soltsy on the northern bank of the Shelon. Here, the ''Gruppe'' supported German forces fighting in the Demyansk Pocket and Kholm Pocket. Here, Wandel claimed an Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down near Staraya Russa on 23 March. Two days later, he claimed two I-18 fighters shot down and again an I-18 fighter on 28 March near Ramushevo on the Lovat south of Lake Ilmen. The next day, he clamied another I-18 fighter. On 4 April, Wandel reported an 1-18 fighter and an Il-2 ground-attack aircraft shot down. On 23 April, he was credited with a Yak-1 destroyed.

Squadron leader and death

On 21 April, ''Oberleutnant'' Wolfgang Späte, the commander of 5. ''Staffel'' of JG 54 was transferred. In consequence, Wandel succeeded Späte as ''Staffelkapitän'' of 5. ''Staffel''. In combat south of Lake Ilmen, Wandel claimed his first two aerial victories as ''Staffelkapitän'' on 25 April when he shot down two Il-2 ground-attack aircraft. In July 1942, II. ''Gruppe'' was re-equipped with the Bf 109 G-2. Wandel then became an " ace-in-a-day" for the first time on 7 July when he shot down six Soviet aircraft. On the night of 19/20 July, Wandel claimed his 50th aerial victory in nocturnal combat. That night he was credited with shooting down two Polikarpov Po-2 night ground-attack aircraft, also referred to as U-2, near Ramushevo.

Wandel again became an "ace-in-a-day" on 9 August during the Battle of Rzhev. That day, he claimed five Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 fighters shot down near Zubtsov. On 12 August, 5. ''Staffel'' was detached from II. ''Gruppe'' and sent to Oryol where they were based at an airfield named Oryol-West. On 21 August, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (). On 7 October, Wandel was credited with his 75th and last aerial victory when he shot down a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter near Ostashkov. He was then shot down and killed in action with other Soviet LaGG-3 fighters. His Bf 109 G-2 (''Werknummer'' 10353—factory number) crashed northeast of Ostashkov. He was replaced by ''Leutnant'' Horst Hannig as commander of 5. ''Staffel'' the following day.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Spick, Wandel was credited with 75 enemy aircraft shot down claimed in an unknown number of combat missions, including 16 during nocturnal combat. Heaton, Lewis, Olds and Schulze also list him with 75 aerial victories. Mathews and Foreman, authors of ''Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims'', researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 74 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim. This figure of confirmed claims includes 72 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and two on the Western Front.

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = ''Planquadrat''), for example "PQ 18282". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size.

Awards

* Spanish Cross in Silver with Swords (14 April 1939)
* Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 1 July 1942 as ''Hauptmann'' and ''Staffelkapitän''
* German Cross in Gold on 27 July 1942 as ''Hauptmann'' in the II./''Jagdgeschwader'' 54
* Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 21 August 1942 as ''Hauptmann'' and ''Staffelkapitän'' of the 5./''Jagdgeschwader'' 54

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wandel, Joachim
1914 births
1942 deaths
People from Człuchów
German World War II flying aces
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Luftwaffe personnel killed in World War II
Aviators killed by being shot down
German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War
People from West Prussia
Condor Legion personnel